提高红松无性系种子园树木座果率的研究

以辽宁省草河口1968年营建的红松无性系种子园和普通人工林为研究对象,对红松种子园的落花落果规律及其影响因子和人工辅助授粉进行试验研究。经10年的研究结果表明:红松种子园树木年平均自然落花落果率为46.46％,6月下旬至7月上旬是落果的高峰期。人工辅助授粉是提高座果率的有效方法,可提高座果率20％左右。因雄球花密度与座果率相关显著,故在新建种子园时,株行距应以3m×3m为宜。     

红松木材透明涂饰涂膜耐光性的研究

采用监测表面颜色和光泽度变化的方法，对红松木醇酸树脂清漆，硝基清漆和聚氨脂清漆涂膜的耐光性进行了研究，结果发现，三种涂料受光后的易发生变色，但三种涂料的耐光性硝基漆最差，聚所酯漆居中，醇酸制酯漆最好，建议在使用时添加紫外线吸收剂，提高漆膜的耐光性。     

韩国“新村运动”起因研究

通过政治、社会经济发展和农业经济自身发展3个层面对韩国"新村运动"的起因进行分析。结果显示:韩国"新村运动"是当时韩国政治、社会经济、农业自身发展途中的一次必然的选择。     

饲粮中添加膨润土对鹌鹑产蛋性能的影响

本试验选用1232只产蛋鹌鹑,随机分为3组,在其玉米—豆饼—鱼粉基础饲粮中,分别添加硫酸盐形式的锌,铜,铁和锰(对照组);2.5％膨润土及2.5％的用上述微量元素加强的膨润土。结果表明:饲粮中添加2.5％的膨润土能显著改善产蛋性能,如产蛋率、蛋重和产蛋量分别较对照组的提高6.6％、1.6％和8.9％(P<0.01),而且产出/投入比提高4.3％,但对饲料转化率和死亡率没有显著的影响(P>0.05)。另外,用微量元素加强的膨润土组与对照组,在生产性能方面,没有任何差异(P>0.05)。因此,膨润土可作为一种天然矿物质添加剂用于产蛋鹌鹑饲粮中,同时能提高鹌鹑的生产性能和经济效益。     

红松果材兼用林的初步研究

红松既是珍贵的用材树种，又是驰名中外的名，优，特干果树种，红松人工林树高４－６ｍ时即分杈，这里营造人工用材林的难题，但用“逆向思维”观察可顺其自然，将其培养为果材兼用林，本研究根据红松人工林生长结实的特性，提出建立红松果材林的立地选择，良种培育和栽培技术，同时对当前建立红松果材林基地应做好的三项工作提出了意见。     

红松不同部位精油的成分分析及抑菌活性

【目的】植物精油是安全并有良好抑菌效果的天然产物,在食品防腐剂领域潜力巨大。本研究通过对红松不同部位精油成分与抑菌活性的研究,能为开发安全绿色的食品防腐剂及为其在食品、化妆品等领域的应用提供理论基础。【方法】采用水蒸气蒸馏法从红松的松针、松塔、松壳中制备精油,采用气相色谱-质谱(GC-MS)联用技术结合保留指数(RI)分析法,对精油化学成分组成进行鉴定。采用滤纸片法分析比较了3种精油对大肠杆菌、金黄色葡萄球菌、枯草芽孢杆菌的抑菌活性,并用二倍稀释法测定对3种菌的最小抑菌浓度和最小杀菌浓度。【结果】松针、松塔、松壳精油分别检测出28、46、21种成分,其中松针和松塔精油以萜类为主,而松壳精油以酮类为主。3种不同部位的精油对大肠杆菌抑制效果更佳,但松针精油的抑制效果比其他两种抑制效果更强。松针精油对大肠杆菌、金黄色葡萄球菌、枯草芽孢杆菌的最低抑菌浓度分别为1.6、3.2、6.4μL/mL,最小杀菌浓度为3.2、6.4、12.5μL/mL;松塔精油对大肠杆菌、金黄色葡萄球菌、枯草芽孢杆菌的最低抑菌浓度分别为3.2、6.4、6.4μL/mL,最小杀菌浓度为6.4、12.5、12.5μL/mL;松壳精油对大肠杆菌、金黄色葡萄球菌、枯草芽孢杆菌的最低抑菌浓度分别为3.2、12.5、6.4μL/mL,最小杀菌浓度为6.4、12.5、6.4μL/mL。【结论】红松不同部位的精油均具有较好的抑菌效果,而且红松不同部位精油的成分不同其抑菌效果亦不同,作为天然的抑菌剂资源具有巨大的开发利用价值。     

不同提取方法对红松籽油提取效果及功能性质的影响

  目的  立足于溶剂法,通过对比超声波、微波、光波单独处理较短时间的红松籽油的得率,以及处理后单独浸提红松籽油得率的增加情况,明确在红松籽油提取过程中处于主导作用的方法,同时确认4种提取方法对红松籽油的理化指标、脂肪酸和抗氧化能力的影响。  方法  按照GB/T 5009.229—2016《食品中酸价的测定》、GB/T 5532—2008《动植物油脂 碘值的测定》和GB/T 5009.227—2016《食品中过氧化值的测定》分别测定4种方法提取的红松籽油的酸值、碘值和过氧化物值,采用气相色谱–质谱联用法测定红松籽油中脂肪酸的种类和质量分数,采用分光光度法测定红松籽油对DPPH·和ABTS+·的清除能力。  结果  正己烷作为最佳提取溶剂,当提取温度25 ℃,液料比18 mL/g,浸提时间5 h红松籽油得率为65.52%。超声波法（300 W,10 min）、微波法（380 W,100 s）、光波法（400 W,11 min）单独处理时的红松籽油得率分别为67.63%、62.26%、58.25%。上述3种方法处理后再单独使用正己烷浸提,使总提取时间达到5 h后的红松籽油得率分别增加了2.18%、4.50%、6.10%。4种方法提取的红松籽油符合GB/T 2716—2018《食品安全国家标准 植物油》中酸值（≤ 4 mg/g）、过氧化值（≤ 0.25 g/100 g）的限量标准。溶剂法制备出的红松籽油的酸值和过氧化值均最低（P < 0.05）。脂肪酸质量分数由高到低分别是亚油酸（44.54% ~ 46.32%）、油酸（28.29 % ~ 28.83%）和皮诺敛酸（13.15% ~ 14.51%）。溶剂法、超声波法、微波法、光波法所提取的红松籽油清除DPPH·和ABTS+·的IC₅₀值分别是9.41、8.80、9.43、9.61 g/L和5.10、5.51、6.10、5.43 g/L。  结论  对超声波法、微波法和光波法单独作用及浸提后得率进行比较,发现超声波法、微波法和光波法在提取过程中起主导作用。与溶剂法、微波法和光波法相比,超声波法提取的红松籽油得率高,不饱和脂肪酸质量分数高,抗氧化能力强,能够达到较好的提取效果,此方法应用于红松籽制油工业中具有一定优势。      

白河林业局红松分布数量预估模型1）

根据长白山地区白河林业局的772块固定标准地调查数据,以及最小二乘法（ OLS）,建立逻辑斯蒂（Logistic）模型来预估该局现时状态有林地的红松分布概率,并采用泊松（Poisson）和负二项分布（Negative binomi-al,NB）模型预估该局现时状态有林地红松的分布数量,并对模型进行了拟合效果评价及独立性检验。结果表明, Logistic模型与数据的拟合效果很好,独立性检验中预测精度也在可接受的范围内,可以利用Logistic模型来预估该局有林地红松的分布概率。与Poisson模型相比,负二项分布模型能够解决因变量的不均匀分布（即过度散布）的问题,因此能够更好地拟合数据。但在独立性检验中,Poisson模型和NB模型的预测精度接近,且都在可接受的范围内,两个模型均可以用来预估该局有林地红松的分布数量。     

Influence of animal age on body concentrations of minerals in Japanese quail (Coturnix japonica)

Mathematical modelling of the relationships between mineral inputs and outputs would enable the prediction of mineral requirements of poultry under a wide range of conditions. To establish the feasibility of possible modelling of mineral requirements, the current study aimed to describe the individual mineral concentrations of whole bodies of quail over the life cycle from hatching to 70 days of age. Quail were reared indoors without any restrictions that could limit growth. Sampling of birds (n = 6–18) was carried out at 0, 3, 7, 14, 21, 35, 49 and 70 days after hatching. Freeze‐dried samples of whole bodies (digestive contents removed) were analysed for ash, and macrominerals (calcium, magnesium, phosphorus, potassium, sodium) and microminerals (copper, iron, manganese, nickel, selenium, zinc). Ash concentration followed a curvilinear trend, with a maximum of 101.7 g/kg dry matter at 32.77 days. Individual mineral concentrations, expressed as a proportion of ash, were fluctuating over time, with the most prominent changes at 3 days and again at either 14 or 21 days. Dissimilar patterns in individual mineral concentrations resulted that ratios between minerals followed inconsistent patterns over time. Although mineral contents in absolute quantities can be described through modelling over the entire life cycle of the bird, it can be concluded that variable concentrations of individual minerals could complicate further model development.     

Long-term evaluation of extruded diets compared with raw fish moist diet for growing Korean rockfish, Sebastes schlegeli (Hilgendorf)

A long‐term experiment was conducted in sea cages to compare three experimental extruded pellet (EP) diets with a raw fish moist pellet (MP) diet for Korean rockfish, Sebastes schlegeli (Hilgendorf). White fishmeal (WFM), soybean meal (SM) and fishmeal analogue (BAIFA‐M?)‐based experimental EP diets were formulated to be isonitrogenous and isocaloric with 50% crude protein (CP) with available energy of 16.7 kJ g^?1 diet. An MP diet made of 80% frozen horse mackerel + 20% commercial binder meal was also included in the experiment. The proportions of the major protein ingredients in three experimental EP diets were as follows: WFM diet, 100% WFM; SM diet, 70% WFM + 30% SM; BAIFA‐M? diet, 70% WFM + 30% BAIFA‐M?. The experiment was divided into three periods according to fish size: period I, initial weight of 20.2 ± 3.6 g (mean ± SD); period II, initial weight of 57.6 ± 4.7 g (mean ± SD); period III, initial weight of 96.3 ± 6.9 g (mean ± SD). There were no significant differences in weight gain, feed efficiency ratio, thermal‐unit growth coefficient, specific growth rate, haemoglobin, or haematocrit among fish that were fed the four diets during all three periods. However, fish that were fed the MP diet had a lower survival rate than the fish that were fed the other three EP diets for all periods. These results strongly suggest that EP diets could be developed to replace MP diet for the grow‐out stage of production of Korean rockfish without adverse effects on growth performance.